To further understand tribology, it is important to understand the definitions behind friction, wear. Tribology is the study of the science and technology of interacting surfaces in relative motion and encompasses the study and application of friction, wear, lubrication and related design aspects. Tribology is an unfamiliar term for many, but is experienced by all. The site also includes useful software for calculating a wide range tribological contact conditions.
About 150 years before amontons laws of friction were introduced, he had already recorded them. Classical wear laws such as archards law, assuming that no particle stays in the contact, appear to be a limit case of this model. The trends in tribology and lubrication engineering. The archard equation was developed much later than reyes hypothesis sometimes also known as energy dissipative hypothesis, though both came to the same physical conclusions, that the volume of the removed debris due to wear is proportional to the work done by friction. Effects of micropit depths on tribology performance of. This has made it possible to identify types of wear and discover some of the laws of wear.
The asperities deform and would weld together but they are usually separated by an oxide film or other some other contaminant. Tribology is defined as the study and application of the principles of friction, lubrication and wear. Though the wear process is generally thought of as harmful, and in most practical situations it is so. The history of tribology fritsche german manufacturer. The force of friction is directly proportional to the applied load.
There are many different kinds of wear mechanisms we have to analyze these wear mechanisms using mechanics, thermodynamics, etc. The archard wear equation is a simple model used to describe sliding wear and is based on the theory of asperity contact. Guillaume amontons has earned his name in the field of physics and chemistry as. Mechanisms and laws of friction and wear sciencedirect. Classical tribology is concerned with friction and wear in machine elements such as rollingelement bearings, gears, plain bearings, brakes, clutches, wheels and fluid bearings as well as. A common used equation to compute the wear rate is archard,1953. Tribology glossary, forum for students, universities, conferences, software etc. Item detail tribology and lubrication engineering society. Hence, the tribological behavior of all the samples under lubricating conditions was. Wear might have different patterns corresponding to various wear mechanisms. This book incorporates a bottomup approach to friction, lubrication, and wear into a versatile textbook on tribology. Consideration of the mass balance of the contact provides an analytical law for wear, involving the fate of the detached particles.
Green tribology is a new area of tribology studying ecological approaches, methods, and applications in tribology. Simulation of wear through mass balance in a dry contact. The module on friction covers why we study friction, basic friction concepts, the 3 laws of friction, static friction and stick slip, and the adhesion theory of friction. The field of tribology includes the analysis of friction, wear, lubrication phenomena and application of such principles to mechanical design, product development, manufacturing processes and machine operation. The history of tribology lubrication, lubrication technology and lubricants throughout the ages friction and wear processes have played an essential role since the genesis of our planet. Adhesive wear is based upon the concept that when two relatively smooth surfaces come into contact only their asperities interact. Wear is the damaging, gradual removal or deformation of material at solid surfaces. Wear is usually accelerated by the frictional heating by means of chemical and mechanical interactions. The 20page report is based on a yearlong study of nearly 1,000 industry experts.
The module on lubrication covers the function of lubricants, viscosity. Fundamentals of engineering tribology with applications tribology is the study of the principles of friction, wear and lubrication of machine elements. The formation of loose wear particles adhesion theory explains wear by stating that the adhesion between a harder material and a softer one is so strong that a welded junction breaks in the softer material, rather than at the interface. As a branch of mechanical engineering and materials science, tribology deals with the design of fluid containment systems like seals and gaskets, and lubrication of surfaces in relative motion. Tribology the science and technology of wear and friction between interacting surfaces in relative motion is critical for understanding performance characteristics and the durability of mechanical components. A web site providing a forum for students and lecturers to share ideas on tribology research.
Tribology is the science of wear, friction and lubrication, and encompasses how interacting surfaces and other triboelements behave in relative motion in natural and artificial systems. Leonardo da vinci 14521519 can be named as the father of modern tribology. The force of friction is independent of the apparent area of contact. Tribology is thus a complex interdisciplinary subject. The major premise of green tribology is minimization of friction and wear, and. Friction, lubrication, adhesion, and wear are prevalent physical phenomena in everyday life and in many key technologies. The material removal in adhesive, abrasive, or fatigue wear is governed by deformation and fracture in the contact region, where fracture modes are fatigue, brittle, or ductile fracture. The aim of this book is to introduce the fundamentals of tribology as well as its challenges in extreme operating conditions. Fundamentals of engineering tribology with applications. Today, those principles are being applied in a variety of modern applications, such as.
Introduction friction is the resistance of two bodies in contact when they are moving or attempt to move tangentially in opposite directions. It encompasses the scientific and technical relevant phenomena friction, lubrication and wear. Tribology research can be loosely divided into the following fields with some overlap. Fatigue wear and corrosive wear can be generated in both plastic and elastic contacts. A surface can be subject to more than one wear mechanism simultaneously. The study of wear and related processes is referred to as tribology. The process of wear can change continuously in time or with changes in operational conditions. These pioneers brought tribology to a standard, and its laws still apply to many. The first experimental study of friction that was broadly publicly discussed and had a decisive impact on the subsequent development of science and engineering seems to be the memoir of amontons 1699. Ggb develops tribologically optimized bearing materials based on tribological results.
Origins of tribology the word tribology was born ca. Introduction to wear plastic deformation at the interface often leads to wear, i. Tribology is the multidisciplinary science of rubbing surfaces. He studied a wide variety of subtopics form friction, lubrication and wear, to bearing materials and geometries, gears, screwjacks, and rollingelement bearings. Tribology s reach is far beyond comprehension, says evan zabawski, senior technical advisor at testoil and a member of the society of tribologists and. Tribology and lubrication lubrication is the control of friction and wear by introducing a frictionreducing film between moving surfaces in contact. Tribology wikipedia laws of friction amonton s laws of friction are categorized as the classical version of friction laws which have highly been accepted by the engineers dealing with friction.
It is the science of friction, wear and lubrication of contacting surfaces in relative motion. Tribology the study of interacting surfaces in motion. Tribology online course video lectures by iit delhi. In the early 1960s, there was a dramatic increase in the reported failures of plant and machinery due to wear and associated causes. Home tribology and lubrication engineering society stle.
Research material systems polymers, polymer composites and polymer nanocomposites for tribological applications. Some of their findings are summarized in the following three laws. Therefore, as with amontons laws of friction, the wear laws are basically due to the surface topography of the wearing surface. Friction and wear of engineering materials, second edition covers the fundamentals of tribology and the tribological response of all classes of materials, including metals, ceramics, and polymers this fully updated and expanded book maintains its core emphasis on friction and wear of materials, but now also has a strengthened coverage of the more traditional tribological topics of. Wear volume inversely proportional to hardnessh of softer material using these laws, wear volume is given by v k 1 wl3h.
For example, the joint mechanisms in vertebrates or the mucus layer of fish are perfect tribological systems that originated through evolutionary processes. This film, aka lubricant, can be a solid, fluid or plastic substance with oil and grease being the most common. A wear map is considered one of the best descriptions of tribological conditions and is useful in selecting materials in a wide range of operating conditions. However, it is more common to present the wear in a wear rate or wear coefficient. Tribology is the science of friction, wear and lubrication. Classical tribology is concerned with friction and wear in machine elements such as rollingelement bearings, gears, plain bearings, brakes, clutches, wheels and fluid bearings as well as manufacturing processes such as metal forming. Adhesive wear is the mechanism upon which archard based his wear law. Tribology is associated with a wide range of scientific disciplines like reliability, materials science, and diagnostics. Guillaume amontons has earned his name in the field of physics and chemistry as a physicist and inventor of instruments.
The relation between the micropit depth and the port plate pairs oil loading carrying capacity is analyzed in theory. These pioneers brought tribology to a standard, and its laws still apply to many engineering problems today. Recognizing the laws of friction, mechanisms of friction, friction space, stiction, stick slip, and surface temperature appreciating the various modes of wear. Industry leader predictions report evaluates the impact of changes in industry, technology and the economy on the field. Lx h v klx k a wear factor for a given combination of materials. The value of k 1 depends on elastic plastic contacts, shearing of those. Tribology is the science and technology of interacting surfaces in relative motion and the related matters including friction, wear and lubrication. Tribology, the study of the interaction of sliding surfaces. In order to improve the friction and wear performance of textured port plate pair, effects of the micropit depth on the tribology performance is studied in the paper.
This is done by focusing on how these tribological phenomena occur on the small scale the atomic to the micrometer scale a field often called. The wear rate is normally defined as the wear volume per sliding distance and load. As a discipline tribology aims at the understanding and control of manmade or natural systems where relative motion occurs between two or more bodies. We combine this knowledge of material science and performance in order to offer bearings that match our customers application requirements. Tribology article about tribology by the free dictionary. A tribological system tribosystem transform inputs as type of motion, sequence of motion. Defining tribology, tribology in design mechanical design of oil seals and gasket tribological design of oil seals and gasket, tribology in industry maintenance,defining lubrication,basic modes of lubrication,properties of lubricants,lubricant additives,defining bearing terminology sliding contact bearings rolling contact. Laws of wear the volume of material v removed by wear increases with load l and sliding distance x but decreases as the hardness of the softer material h increases. It deals with the design, friction, wear, and lubrication of interacting surfaces in relative motion. Tribologic principles were used to address these industrial issues.